With President Joe Biden widely expected to announce his re-election bid this week, the 2024 United States presidential race is heating up.
His predecessor, former President Donald Trump, formally launched his campaign in November, setting the stage for a potential rematch of the 2020 elections that Biden won over his Republican rival.
With the sitting president poised to be the Democratic nominee and Trump the early GOP frontrunner, the US’s two main political parties will launch a process next year to formally choose a 2024 nominee to vie for the White House.
On the Democratic side, only two long-shot candidates have entered the race to challenge Biden, while a number of Republicans have thrown their hats into the ring to compete against Trump for the GOP nomination, with more expected.
Here, Al Jazeera looks at the list of confirmed and expected US presidential candidates, their platforms and their chances.
Democratic Party
Joe Biden
Biden, who defeated Trump in the 2020 election, has consistently expressed his intention to run again in 2024 and is considered to be the presumptive nominee — though he has not yet formally announced his re-election bid.
An Associated Press-NORC poll released last week showed that about half of Democratic voters wanted Biden to run again, with about 80 percent saying they would support him against a Republican candidate.
Despite a thin Democratic majority in the US Senate and a House of Representatives that switched to Republican control under his watch, Biden has enjoyed a fairly productive presidency. Several of his legislative priorities, including heightened spending to combat climate change and bolster US infrastructure, passed through Congress early in his first term.
However, Biden has been hampered by concerns over his age: He would be 82 years old at the beginning of his second term if he wins the 2024 election. Some critics have questioned whether he has the stamina to hold the top post for another four years.
Marianne Williamson
Williamson, a former self-help author, unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in 2020.
A Morning Consult poll in early March found Williamson trailing Biden among Democratic voters by a sizable deficit of about 73 percentage points.
Williamson has embraced themes of economic and racial justice, calling for the preservation of social security, more robust support for labour unions and slavery reparations for Black Americans.
“During the last fifty years the system has been rigged,” Williamson says on her website.
“From tax cuts for the wealthy to endless corporate subsidies to the privatization of almost everything; from union busting to obsessive deregulation to a decrease in public spending — economic opportunities had been stripped from America’s average worker.”
Robert F Kennedy Jr
Kennedy, an anti-vaccine activist and nephew of former US President John F Kennedy, formally launched his candidacy in April.
He has garnered the support of about 14 percent of Democratic primary voters, according to a USA TODAY/Suffolk University Poll that same month.
A member of one of the most famous families in US politics, Kennedy — the son of Robert Kennedy, who was assassinated in 1968 while campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination — has become a prominent voice in the anti-vaccine movement.
He published a book in 2021 accusing former White House COVID-19 adviser Anthony Fauci of “a historic coup d’etat against Western democracy”.
Kennedy has promised to push back against the “corrupt merger between state and corporate power” if elected.
Republican Party
Donald Trump
Trump, who served one term as US president after defeating Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in 2016, formally launched his campaign in November.
Following his loss to Biden in 2020, Trump attempted to overturn the election results by falsely claiming that the vote had been “rigged” against him.
Critics say his false election fraud campaign spurred a mob of Trump supporters to storm the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, in an effort to prevent Congress from certifying Biden’s election victory. Trump was later impeached by the US House of Representatives for “inciting” the riot.
Trump, a former businessman and television personality, also continues to face a long list of legal issues and investigations, and in early April, he became the first former president to face criminal charges.
However, Trump — adept at tapping into anger against the US political establishment — holds a lead over his rivals for the Republican nomination and still commands widespread influence over the party’s voters.
He has struck a populist tone on topics such as free trade and foreign policy, where he has pursued an “America First” strategy, and has leaned into far-right rhetoric targeting immigrants and Muslims.
During his time as president, however, Trump mostly governed as a traditional Republican, and his signature legislative achievement was a set of tax breaks that largely benefitted the wealthy.
Ron DeSantis
DeSantis, the governor of Florida, has not yet formally announced his candidacy but is widely considered to be Trump’s top challenger for the 2024 nomination.
He has been rising to prominence in conservative circles as he champions right-wing causes in Florida on issues including abortion, education and COVID-19 mitigation measures.
In March, DeSantis described the war in Ukraine as a “territorial dispute” that is not a top national security interest of the United States, drawing questions about what a potential presidential victory would mean for Washington’s support to Kyiv amid the Russian invasion.
Trump had a huge lead over DeSantis among Republican and independent voters nationally of 58 percent to 21 percent in an early April Reuters/Ipsos poll.
Mike Pence
Pence, who served as Trump’s vice president, has said he is considering a 2024 presidential run, telling ABC News last year that he is giving the issue “prayerful consideration”.
Pence, who has centred his Christian faith in his political career, had been a staunch defender of the former president but fell out with Trump after he refused to use his ceremonial role overseeing the electoral college count in Congress to overturn the 2020 elections.
Before becoming vice president, Pence was the governor of Indiana. He also served in the US House of Representatives.
He has been one of the most vocal supporters of US aid to Ukraine among Republican presidential hopefuls.
Pence is also a strong proponent of the fight against abortion rights. He said in April that he would take the abortion pill mifepristone off the market to “protect the unborn”.
Nikki Haley
Haley, a former US ambassador to the United Nations, announced that she would seek the Republican nomination in February.
A poll from Morning Consult released in mid-April showed her polling at about four percent.
While Haley has been reserved in her criticism of Trump, she stated in her announcement that it was “time for a new generation” of Republican leaders.
The daughter of Indian immigrants, she served as the governor of the state of South Carolina from 2011 to 2017.
As Washington’s envoy to the UN during the Trump administration, she advocated for taking a confrontational stance towards Iran and was a strong supporter of US allies in the region, notably Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Tim Scott
A Republican senator, Scott has not announced that he will seek the party’s nomination but said he was forming an “exploratory committee” in April.
Scott is the only Black Republican in the US Senate and recently told the Associated Press news agency that Republicans are “starved for hope”.
He has previously positioned himself as a conservative willing to challenge liberal ideas about racism in the US.
“Hear me clearly,” he said in a speech in 2021. “America is not a racist country.”
Vivek Ramaswamy
Ramaswamy is an entrepreneur and author who has built a reputation as a crusader against “wokeism”, a loose term that generally refers to a commitment to social justice but has been wielded by conservatives to paint an image of political correctness gone amok.
The April Morning Consult poll showed Ramaswamy polling at about three percent in the Republican primary.
Ramaswamy was born in the state of Ohio and graduated from Yale Law School before going to work at a hedge fund and starting a pharmaceutical company.
His campaign website notes that he has been called the “CEO of anti-woke”.
Asa Hutchinson
Hutchinson is a former Republican governor of the state of Arkansas, where he served from 2015 until 2023.
His profile on the National Governors Association website states that he previously served three terms as a US congressman and undersecretary of the Department of Homeland Security during the tenure of former president George W Bush.
The Morning Consult poll shows him with zero percent of the vote.
Larry Elder
Elder is a conservative radio talk show host who was the most serious candidate in an effort to replace California’s Democratic Governor Gavin Newsom in a recall vote in 2021.
Newsom easily beat back that recall attempt, which failed by a margin of about 62 to 38 percent.
The Black radio host has denied that there is such a thing as systemic racism in the US.
When he announced his candidacy in April, he said the country was in decline but could enter “a new golden age”.
He does not yet appear in primary polling but is considered a long-shot candidate.
